Galleon cargo capacity1/23/2024 In 1492 Colombus's used 2 caravels, the Nina and the Pinta, and a larger carrack, the Santa Maria, as his flagship. Top speed for a caravel was about 8 knots the average was 4 knots for 90-100 miles in a day. Caravels were usually built with a double tower at the stern (the aftercastle, or sterncastle) and a single tower (or none) in the bow (the forecastle). Later versions, the redonda, replaced the main lateen sail which required a large crew by a square sail which also made for more speed when running offshore. About 75 feet (23 m) long, the typical caravel had two or three pole masts, lateen-rigged (i.e., with triangular sails). high platforms at front and back from which to fire at opponentsĬaravelThe design of caravels underwent changes over the years, but a typical caravel of the late 15th century may be described as a broad-beamed vessel of 50 or 60 tons burden some were as large as 160 tons.larger ships for war and commerce: carracks.cargo space for voyages of up to a year. ability to sail to windward (lateen sails).a shallow draft to chart unknown waters.Deadweight Tons (Port en lourd): Maximum cargo weight.Old: volume in "tuns" or wine barrels ( 1 m 3 or 40 cu.Size measurementsReported ship sizes in tons are confusing because there are 3 variants Building techniques improved to allow the construction of larger crafts with multiple masts. In the Mediterranean, lateen sails working as windfoils allowed sailing upwind. In the north, the rudder had replaced the side oar for steering. Renaissance ShipsIn the 1300s, larger loads for war and commerce were handled by Cogs. They would be steered with a "side oar" that would hang off the back of the boat. Ships like the Mediterranean galleys and the nordic drakkar relied mainly on oars for propulsion aided by square sails when there was a following wind. Before the Age of SailIn Europe, for a long time, boats were small, had one mast and seldom left sight of land. In this section we consider ships developed for long distance exploration and trade - away from the Mediterranean.
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